Effects of Titanium Corrosion Products on In Vivo Biological Response: A Basis for the Understanding of Osseointegration Failures Mechanisms

Corrosion resistance is a key feature of titanium biocompatibility. However, Ti surfaces exposed to critical environments (such as, chronic infection and inflammation) can undergo corrosion processes in vivo , leading an unfavorable biological response clinical failure, which remains poorly explored. In this study, we characterized experimental model replicate the surface features process observed within failures, cellular, tissue molecular events associated with corroded implantation into subcutaneous bone C57Bl/6 mice. Prior implantation, commercially pure Commercially Ti–6Al–4V alloy (Ti64) specimens were electrochemical polarization 30% citric acid, while being polarized at 9 V against saturated calomel electrode for 20 min. The attack induced accelerated on both Ti-based specimens, producing structural chemical changes surface, comparable failed implants. Then, microscopy parameters healing inflammation investigated following control (cpTi disks) oral osseointegration (Ti64 screws) models 3, 7, 14 21 days. host was comparatively evaluated between groups by microCT (bone), histology (H&E, histomorphometry, immunostaining picrosirius red), real-time PCR array inflammatory healings markers. Corroded cpTi disks Ti64 screws strong foreign body (FBR) from 3 days-post unremitting reaction lasting up days models. model, FBR accompanied increased amount blood vessels their markers, as well TRAP+ giant cell count. failures identified osteolytic reaction/bone loss detected histological analyses. devices dominant M1-type response, controls showed transient inflammation, M2-type suitable osseointegration. conclusion, biomaterials exacerbated connective bone, linked upregulation fibrosis, pro-inflammatory osteoclastic markers resulted outcomes.